End-to-End Guides for Your Medical Journey

A note before you read further: “Spondylitis” is not one disease. It is a word that gets applied…

What are congenital spinal cord malformations? Congenital spinal cord malformations are developmental conditions, present from birth, that affect…

If a newborn with suspected or known HLHS has blue or gray lips or skin, fast or difficult…

Chiari malformation is a structural condition in which part of the cerebellum (the brain’s balance and coordination center)…

The word “stenosis” can sound frightening, and a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis often arrives with the words…

Normally, the lower end of the spinal cord floats freely inside the spinal canal and glides a little…

Spinal deformity is a broad category, not one disease — it describes abnormalities of spinal curvature, alignment, rotation,…

Spinal disc herniation occurs when the soft, gel-like center of an intervertebral disc pushes through a weakened or…

Medically reviewed content · Published 2026 · Last reviewed September 2026 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily affects small joints,…

A spinal fracture is a break in one or more of the bones (vertebrae) that make up the…

“Slipped disc,” “herniated disc,” “prolapsed disc” — these terms get used almost interchangeably by patients, and the imagery…

Last reviewed: 27-Sept-26 · General information for patients from Eritrea planning treatment in India. Not legal or immigration…

Skeletal dysplasia is not one disease — it’s an umbrella term for a large, genetically diverse group of…

Spina bifida is a group of neural tube defects caused by incomplete closure or development of the neural…

Osteoarthritis is a whole-joint disorder not simply cartilage “wearing out” involving changes to cartilage, the underlying bone, the…

Osteopenia means bone mineral density lower than the young-adult reference range but not low enough to meet the…

Medically reviewed content · Published 2026 · Last reviewed September 2026 The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of…

Hearing “neurofibromatosis” attached to your own or your child’s diagnosis often raises a specific kind of confusion, because…

Hip dysplasia describes a hip joint where the acetabulum (hip socket) doesn’t fully or properly cover the femoral…

Still having pain after spine surgery whether it never fully went away, or came back after a period…

A limb deformity in a child is an abnormal alignment, shape, rotation, or length of an arm or…

Finding a purple or reddish patch on your skin that won’t fade, or hearing “Kaposi sarcoma” mentioned during…

Lumbar radiculopathy is a neurological syndrome caused by irritation, inflammation, or compression of a nerve root in the…

Kyphosis means forward curvature of the spine — and some kyphosis is completely normal anatomy in the mid-back…

Avascular necrosis (AVN), or osteonecrosis, occurs when impaired blood supply causes bone tissue to die. It most commonly…

Ankle arthritis is a condition in which the cartilage lining the ankle joint progressively breaks down or is…

Hepatoblastoma is a rare malignant liver tumor that develops primarily in young children, most commonly before age 5….

Ankle valgus deformity is an abnormal alignment in which the ankle tilts toward the outside of the body,…

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common broad category of ovarian cancer, arising from the cells covering the…

A burst fracture is a spinal vertebra fracture caused by strong axial compression (force driven straight down through…

Bow legs medically called genu varum — describe an outward curve of the legs, where the knees stay…

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity — sideways curvature combined with rotation — and it is genuinely not…

A “broken ankle” is the common term for an ankle fracture — a break in one or more…

If a lumbar MRI report mentions “kissing spinous processes” or “Baastrup’s disease,” it’s worth pausing before assuming this…

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel —…

Medically reviewed content · Published 2026 · Last reviewed September 2026 Discitis is inflammation or infection involving an…

A femoral hernia occurs when tissue often part of the bowel or fatty tissue — pushes through the…

Kümmell’s disease refers to a delayed collapse of a vertebra — a nonunion or failure to heal properly…

Myelopathy means dysfunction of the spinal cord itself — not a single disease, but a syndrome that can…

Blount’s disease, also called tibia vara, is a growth disorder affecting the inner (medial) part of the growth…

Chronic back pain is one of the most common reasons people seek medical care, and also one of…

Disc degeneration seen on an MRI does not automatically mean that disc is causing your pain, and having…

A cervical herniated disc occurs when the soft inner material of a disc in the neck pushes through…

Written by: Shifam Health Editorial Team — Neuro-Oncology Content Division Medically reviewed by: Shifam Health Clinical Advisory Panel…

Olfactory neuroblastoma also called esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) — is a rare malignant tumor that arises from cells associated with…

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast condition in which abnormal cells are confined to the…

Oligodendroglioma is a diffuse glioma of the central nervous system that, under the current World Health Organization (WHO)…

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells in the pancreas, the hormone-producing islet cells,…

Hearing “medulloblastoma” for the first time — often after weeks of a child seeming a little off-balance, or…

A kidney cancer diagnosis often starts with a mass found incidentally on an ultrasound or CT scan done…